Documentation of model methodology

The GAINS model combines all features and input data of the RAINS model for the six air pollutants with the same analyses for the six greenhouse gases. This web site provides access to documentations of model methodology. Latest input data can be downloaded from the GAINS-online web site.

Documentation of the RAINS model approach for the air pollutants:

• Amann M. (2004) The RAINS model. Documentation of the model approach prepared for the RAINS peer review 2004. Download ...
• More on-line material has been prepared for the scientific peer review of the RAINS model.
• Input data have been reviewed in two series of bilateral consultations between experts from countries and stakeholders and the IIASA modelling team for the CAFE programme in 2004 and the revision of the NEC directive in 2006.

The GAINS model will be peer reviewed in early 2007.

For both model parts, the following documentation is available:

• Wagner F., Schöpp W., Heyes C. (2006) The RAINS optimization module for the Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) Programmme. IIASA Interim Report IR-06-029. Download pdf file
  
• Hoeglund-Isaksson L ,  Winiwarter W ,  Klimont Z ,  Bertok I  (2006) Emission Scenarios for Methane and Nitrous Oxides from the Agricultural Sector in the EU-25. IIASA Interim Report IR-06-019. Download pdf file
  
• Klaassen G., Berglund C., Wagner F. (2005) The GAINS Model for Greenhouse Gases - Version 1.0: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) IIASA Interim Report IR-05-53
  
• Höglund-Isaksson L. and Mechler R.(2005) The GAINS Model for Greenhouse Gases - Version 1.0 : Methane (CH4) IIASA Interim Report IR-05-54
  
• Winiwarter W. (2005) The GAINS Model for Greenhouse Gases - Version 1.0: Nitrous Oxide (N2O) IIASA Interim Report IR-05-55
  
• Tohka A. (2005) The GAINS Model for Greenhouse Gases –Version 1.0: HFC, PFC and SF6. IIASA Interim Report IR-05-56
  
• Klaassen, G., Amann, M., Berglund, C., Cofala, J., Höglund-Isaksson, L., Heyes, C., Mechler, R., Tohka, A., Schöpp, W., Winiwarter, W. (2004) The Extension of the RAINS Model to Greenhouse Gases. An interim report describing the state of work as of April 2004. IIASA IR-04-015. Download
  
• Kupiainen K. and Klimont Z. (2004) Primary Emissions of Submicron and Carbonaceous Particles in Europe and the Potential for their Control. Interim Report IR-04-079 Download pdf file
  
• Höglund-Isaksson L. and Mechler R. (2004) The GAINS Model for Greenhouse Gases: Emissions, Control Potentials and Control Costs for Methane. Interim Report IR-04-078 Download pdf file
  
• Klimont Z. and Brink C. (RIVM) (2004) Modelling of Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases from Agricultural Sources in Europe. Interim Report IR-04-048 Download pdf file
  
• Klimont Z., Cofala J., Bertok I., Amann M., Heyes C. and Gyarfas F. (2002) Modelling Particulate Emissions in Europe A Framework to Estimate Reduction Potential and Control Costs. Interim Report IR-02-076 Download pdf file
  
• Mechler, R., Amann, M. and Schöpp, W.: (2002) A methodology to estimate changes in statistical life expectancy due to the control of particulate matter air pollution. IIASA IR-02-035. Download pdf file
  
• Suutari, R., Amann, M., Cofala, J., Klimont, Z., Posch, M. (CCE/RIVM) and Schöpp, W. (2001) From Economic Activities to Ecosystem Protection in Europe. An Uncertainty Analysis of Two Scenarios of the RAINS Integrated Assessment Model. EMEP CIAM/CCE Report 1/2001, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
  
• Klimont, Z., Cofala J., Amann M. (2000) Estimating Costs for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from Stationary Sources in Europe. IIASA Interim Report, IR-00-51. Download pdf file
  
• Forsund F. (Economics University of Oslo)(2000) An Economic Interpretation of the Compensation Mechanism in the RAINS Model. IIASA Interim Report, IR-00-036. Download pdf file
  
• Posch M.(CCE/RIVM) (1999) The Use of Critical Load Databases in RAINS: Methodology to Calculate Exceedances and Gap Closure - A Summary. Download pdf file
  
• Makowski M., Heyes C. Schöpp W. (1998) The Mathematical Formulation of the Ozone Optimization Problem in RAINS. A mathematical description of the non-linear optimization problem. IIASA Technical Note 1998. Download pdf file
  
• Cofala J., Syri S. (1998) Sulfur Emissions, Abatement Technologies and Related Costs for Europe in the RAINS Model Database. IIASA Interim Report, IR-98-35 (update 19.10.1998). Download pdf file
  
• Cofala J., Syri S. (1998) Nitrogen Oxides Emissions, Abatement Technologies and Related Costs for Europe in the RAINS Model Database. IIASA Interim Report, IR-98-88. Download pdf file
  
• Heyes C., Schöpp W., Amann M., Unger S. (1996) A 'Reduced-Form' Model to Predict Long-Term Ozone Concentrations in Europe. A technical description of the early version of the 'reduced-form' model for ozone formation in Europe. IIASA Interim Report IR-96-12. Download pdf file

Responsible for this page: Markus Amann
Last updated: 02 Feb 2007